Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

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Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8: A multicenter study

Identifieur interne : 00D279 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00D278; suivant : 00D280

Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8: A multicenter study

Auteurs : Dieter B. Wildenauer [Allemagne] ; Sibylle G. Schwab [Allemagne] ; Margot Albus [Allemagne] ; Joachim Hallmayer ; Bernard Lerer ; Wolfgang Maier [Allemagne] ; Douglas Blackwood ; Walter Muir ; David St Clair ; Stewart Morris ; Hans W. Moises ; Liu Yang ; Helgi Kristbjarnarson ; Tomas Helgason ; Claudia Wiese ; David A. Collier [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter Holmans ; Jo Daniels ; Mark Rees ; Philip Asherson ; Queta Roberts ; Alastair Cardno ; Maria J. Arranz [Royaume-Uni] ; Homero Vallada [Royaume-Uni] ; David Ball [Royaume-Uni] ; Hiroshi Kunugi [Royaume-Uni] ; Robin M. Murray [Royaume-Uni] ; John F. Powell [Royaume-Uni] ; Sin Nanko [Japon] ; Pak Sham [Royaume-Uni] ; Mike Gill ; Peter Mcguffin ; Michael J. Owen ; Ann E. Pulver [États-Unis] ; Stylianos E. Antonarakis ; Robert Babb [États-Unis] ; Jean-Louis Blouin ; Nicola Demarchi ; Beth Dombroski [États-Unis] ; David Housman [États-Unis] ; Maria Karayiorgou [États-Unis] ; Jurg Ott [États-Unis] ; Laura Kasch [États-Unis] ; Haig Kazazian [États-Unis] ; Virginia K. Lasseter [États-Unis] ; Erika Loetscher [Suisse] ; Hermann Luebbert ; Gerald Nestadt [États-Unis] ; Carl Ton [États-Unis] ; Paula S. Wolyniec [États-Unis] ; Claudine Laurent [France] ; Michel De Chaldee [France] ; Florence Thibaut ; Maurice Jay [France] ; Daniele Samolyk [France] ; Michel Petit ; Dominique Campion ; Jacques Mallet [France] ; Richard E. Straub ; Charles J. Maclean ; Stephen M. Easter ; F. Anthony O'Neill ; Dermot Walsh ; Kenneth S. Kendler ; Pablo V. Gejman ; Qiuhe Cao ; Elliot Gershon ; Judith Badner ; Ethiopia Beshah ; Jing Zhang ; Brien P. Riley [Royaume-Uni] ; Swarnageetha Rajagopalan [Royaume-Uni] ; Mpala Mogudi-Carter ; Trefor Jenkins [Afrique du Sud] ; Robert Williamson [Royaume-Uni] ; Lynn E. Delisi ; Chad Garner [États-Unis] ; Mary Kelly [États-Unis] ; Carrie Leduc [États-Unis] ; Lon Cardon [États-Unis] ; Jay Lichter [États-Unis] ; Tim Harris [États-Unis] ; Josephine Loftus [Royaume-Uni] ; Gail Shields ; Margarite Comasi ; Antonio Vita ; Angela Smith ; Jay Dann [Royaume-Uni] ; Geoff Joslyn [États-Unis] ; Hugh Gurling ; Gursharan Kalsi ; Jon Brynjolfsson [Islande] ; David Curtis ; Thordur Sigmundsson ; Robert Butler ; Tim Read ; Patrice Murphy ; Andrew Chih-Hui Chen ; Hannes Petursson [Islande] ; Bill Byerley [États-Unis] ; Mark Hoff [États-Unis] ; John Holik [États-Unis] ; Hilary Coon [États-Unis] ; Douglas F. Levinson [États-Unis] ; Derek J. Nancarrow ; Raymond R. Crowe ; Nancy Andreasen ; Jeremy M. Silverman [États-Unis] ; Richard C. Mohs [États-Unis] ; Larry J. Siever [États-Unis] ; Jean Endicott [États-Unis] ; Lawrence Sharpe [États-Unis] ; Marilyn K. Walters ; David P. Lennon ; Nicholas K. Hayward ; Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl [Pays-Bas] ; Bryan J. Mowry ; Harald N. Aschauer [Autriche] ; Kurt Meszaros [Autriche] ; Elisabeth Lenzinger [Autriche] ; Karoline Fuchs [Autriche] ; Liu Yang ; Angela M. Heiden [Autriche] ; Hans W. Moises ; Leonid Kruglyak ; Mark J. Daly ; Tara C. Matise [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:0E790C82E9EDC83437EF1951EC74B345AC81DA7B

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

In response to reported schizophrenia linkage findings on chromosomes 3, 6 and 8, fourteen research groups genotyped 14 microsatellite markers in an unbiased, collaborative (New) sample of 403–567 informative pedigrees per marker, and in the Original sample which produced each finding (the Johns Hopkins University sample of 46–52 informative pedigrees for chromosomes 3 and 8, and the Medical College of Virginia sample of 156–191 informative pedigrees for chromosome 6). Primary planned analyses (New sample) were two‐point heterogeneity lod score (lod2) tests (dominant and recessive affected‐only models), and multipoint affected sibling pair (ASP) analysis, with a narrow diagnostic model (DSM‐IIIR schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders). Regions with positive results were also analyzed in the Original and Combined samples. There was no evidence for linkage on chromosome 3. For chromosome 6, ASP maximum lod scores (MLS) were 2.19 (New sample, nominal p = .001) and 2.68 (Combined sample, p=.0004). For chromosome 8, maximum lod2 scores (tests of linkage with heterogeneity) were 2.22 (New sample, p=.0014) and 3.06 (Combined sample, p = .00018). Results are interpreted as inconclusive but suggestive of linkage in the latter two regions. We discuss possible reasons for failing to achieve a conclusive result in this large sample. Design issues and limitations of this type of collaborative study are discussed, and it is concluded that multicenter follow‐up linkage studies of complex disorders can help to direct research efforts toward promising regions.

Url:
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19961122)67:6<580::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-P


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Petit, Michel" sort="Petit, Michel" uniqKey="Petit M" first="Michel" last="Petit">Michel Petit</name>
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<name sortKey="Campion, Dominique" sort="Campion, Dominique" uniqKey="Campion D" first="Dominique" last="Campion">Dominique Campion</name>
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<name sortKey="Mallet, Jacques" sort="Mallet, Jacques" uniqKey="Mallet J" first="Jacques" last="Mallet">Jacques Mallet</name>
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<name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V." last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name>
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<name sortKey="Cao, Qiuhe" sort="Cao, Qiuhe" uniqKey="Cao Q" first="Qiuhe" last="Cao">Qiuhe Cao</name>
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<name sortKey="Gershon, Elliot" sort="Gershon, Elliot" uniqKey="Gershon E" first="Elliot" last="Gershon">Elliot Gershon</name>
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<name sortKey="Beshah, Ethiopia" sort="Beshah, Ethiopia" uniqKey="Beshah E" first="Ethiopia" last="Beshah">Ethiopia Beshah</name>
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<name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
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<name sortKey="Riley, Brien P" sort="Riley, Brien P" uniqKey="Riley B" first="Brien P." last="Riley">Brien P. Riley</name>
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<name sortKey="Rajagopalan, Swarnageetha" sort="Rajagopalan, Swarnageetha" uniqKey="Rajagopalan S" first="Swarnageetha" last="Rajagopalan">Swarnageetha Rajagopalan</name>
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<name sortKey="Mogudi Arter, Mpala" sort="Mogudi Arter, Mpala" uniqKey="Mogudi Arter M" first="Mpala" last="Mogudi-Carter">Mpala Mogudi-Carter</name>
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<name sortKey="Jenkins, Trefor" sort="Jenkins, Trefor" uniqKey="Jenkins T" first="Trefor" last="Jenkins">Trefor Jenkins</name>
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<name sortKey="Williamson, Robert" sort="Williamson, Robert" uniqKey="Williamson R" first="Robert" last="Williamson">Robert Williamson</name>
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<name sortKey="Delisi, Lynn E" sort="Delisi, Lynn E" uniqKey="Delisi L" first="Lynn E." last="Delisi">Lynn E. Delisi</name>
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<name sortKey="Garner, Chad" sort="Garner, Chad" uniqKey="Garner C" first="Chad" last="Garner">Chad Garner</name>
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<name sortKey="Leduc, Carrie" sort="Leduc, Carrie" uniqKey="Leduc C" first="Carrie" last="Leduc">Carrie Leduc</name>
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<name sortKey="Cardon, Lon" sort="Cardon, Lon" uniqKey="Cardon L" first="Lon" last="Cardon">Lon Cardon</name>
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<name sortKey="Harris, Tim" sort="Harris, Tim" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tim" last="Harris">Tim Harris</name>
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<name sortKey="Loftus, Josephine" sort="Loftus, Josephine" uniqKey="Loftus J" first="Josephine" last="Loftus">Josephine Loftus</name>
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<name sortKey="Shields, Gail" sort="Shields, Gail" uniqKey="Shields G" first="Gail" last="Shields">Gail Shields</name>
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<name sortKey="Comasi, Margarite" sort="Comasi, Margarite" uniqKey="Comasi M" first="Margarite" last="Comasi">Margarite Comasi</name>
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<name sortKey="Vita, Antonio" sort="Vita, Antonio" uniqKey="Vita A" first="Antonio" last="Vita">Antonio Vita</name>
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<name sortKey="Smith, Angela" sort="Smith, Angela" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Angela" last="Smith">Angela Smith</name>
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<name sortKey="Dann, Jay" sort="Dann, Jay" uniqKey="Dann J" first="Jay" last="Dann">Jay Dann</name>
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<name sortKey="Joslyn, Geoff" sort="Joslyn, Geoff" uniqKey="Joslyn G" first="Geoff" last="Joslyn">Geoff Joslyn</name>
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<name sortKey="Gurling, Hugh" sort="Gurling, Hugh" uniqKey="Gurling H" first="Hugh" last="Gurling">Hugh Gurling</name>
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<name sortKey="Kalsi, Gursharan" sort="Kalsi, Gursharan" uniqKey="Kalsi G" first="Gursharan" last="Kalsi">Gursharan Kalsi</name>
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<name sortKey="Brynjolfsson, Jon" sort="Brynjolfsson, Jon" uniqKey="Brynjolfsson J" first="Jon" last="Brynjolfsson">Jon Brynjolfsson</name>
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<name sortKey="Curtis, David" sort="Curtis, David" uniqKey="Curtis D" first="David" last="Curtis">David Curtis</name>
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<name sortKey="Sigmundsson, Thordur" sort="Sigmundsson, Thordur" uniqKey="Sigmundsson T" first="Thordur" last="Sigmundsson">Thordur Sigmundsson</name>
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<name sortKey="Butler, Robert" sort="Butler, Robert" uniqKey="Butler R" first="Robert" last="Butler">Robert Butler</name>
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<name sortKey="Read, Tim" sort="Read, Tim" uniqKey="Read T" first="Tim" last="Read">Tim Read</name>
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<name sortKey="Murphy, Patrice" sort="Murphy, Patrice" uniqKey="Murphy P" first="Patrice" last="Murphy">Patrice Murphy</name>
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<name sortKey="Chen, Andrew Chih Ui" sort="Chen, Andrew Chih Ui" uniqKey="Chen A" first="Andrew Chih-Hui" last="Chen">Andrew Chih-Hui Chen</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Petursson, Hannes" sort="Petursson, Hannes" uniqKey="Petursson H" first="Hannes" last="Petursson">Hannes Petursson</name>
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<name sortKey="Byerley, Bill" sort="Byerley, Bill" uniqKey="Byerley B" first="Bill" last="Byerley">Bill Byerley</name>
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<name sortKey="Hoff, Mark" sort="Hoff, Mark" uniqKey="Hoff M" first="Mark" last="Hoff">Mark Hoff</name>
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<name sortKey="Holik, John" sort="Holik, John" uniqKey="Holik J" first="John" last="Holik">John Holik</name>
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<name sortKey="Coon, Hilary" sort="Coon, Hilary" uniqKey="Coon H" first="Hilary" last="Coon">Hilary Coon</name>
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<name sortKey="Levinson, Douglas F" sort="Levinson, Douglas F" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Douglas F." last="Levinson">Douglas F. Levinson</name>
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<name sortKey="Nancarrow, Derek J" sort="Nancarrow, Derek J" uniqKey="Nancarrow D" first="Derek J." last="Nancarrow">Derek J. Nancarrow</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Crowe, Raymond R" sort="Crowe, Raymond R" uniqKey="Crowe R" first="Raymond R." last="Crowe">Raymond R. Crowe</name>
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<name sortKey="Andreasen, Nancy" sort="Andreasen, Nancy" uniqKey="Andreasen N" first="Nancy" last="Andreasen">Nancy Andreasen</name>
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<name sortKey="Silverman, Jeremy M" sort="Silverman, Jeremy M" uniqKey="Silverman J" first="Jeremy M." last="Silverman">Jeremy M. Silverman</name>
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<name sortKey="Mohs, Richard C" sort="Mohs, Richard C" uniqKey="Mohs R" first="Richard C." last="Mohs">Richard C. Mohs</name>
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<hi rend="bold">Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8:</hi>
A multicenter study</title>
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<name sortKey="Wildenauer, Dieter B" sort="Wildenauer, Dieter B" uniqKey="Wildenauer D" first="Dieter B." last="Wildenauer">Dieter B. Wildenauer</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Sham, Pak" sort="Sham, Pak" uniqKey="Sham P" first="Pak" last="Sham">Pak Sham</name>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Dublin</wicri:noCountry>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Naples</wicri:noCountry>
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<name sortKey="Dombroski, Beth" sort="Dombroski, Beth" uniqKey="Dombroski B" first="Beth" last="Dombroski">Beth Dombroski</name>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Philadelphie</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Housman, David" sort="Housman, David" uniqKey="Housman D" first="David" last="Housman">David Housman</name>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement>
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<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
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<wicri:cityArea>Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University</wicri:cityArea>
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<name sortKey="Kasch, Laura" sort="Kasch, Laura" uniqKey="Kasch L" first="Laura" last="Kasch">Laura Kasch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Philadelphie</settlement>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
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<wicri:orgArea>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center</wicri:orgArea>
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<name sortKey="Lasseter, Virginia K" sort="Lasseter, Virginia K" uniqKey="Lasseter V" first="Virginia K." last="Lasseter">Virginia K. Lasseter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Novartis Pharma, Basel</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ltd</wicri:noCountry>
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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University</wicri:orgArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Ton, Carl" sort="Ton, Carl" uniqKey="Ton C" first="Carl" last="Ton">Carl Ton</name>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
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<settlement type="city">Cambridge (Massachusetts)</settlement>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Baltimore</settlement>
<region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Laurent, Claudine" sort="Laurent, Claudine" uniqKey="Laurent C" first="Claudine" last="Laurent">Claudine Laurent</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératif, Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Chaldee, Michel" sort="De Chaldee, Michel" uniqKey="De Chaldee M" first="Michel" last="De Chaldee">Michel De Chaldee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératif, Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thibaut, Florence" sort="Thibaut, Florence" uniqKey="Thibaut F" first="Florence" last="Thibaut">Florence Thibaut</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">CHS Sotteville les Rouen</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jay, Maurice" sort="Jay, Maurice" uniqKey="Jay M" first="Maurice" last="Jay">Maurice Jay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CHS Saint Paul, La Reunion</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>La Reunion</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>La Reunion</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Samolyk, Daniele" sort="Samolyk, Daniele" uniqKey="Samolyk D" first="Daniele" last="Samolyk">Daniele Samolyk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératif, Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petit, Michel" sort="Petit, Michel" uniqKey="Petit M" first="Michel" last="Petit">Michel Petit</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">CHS Sotteville les Rouen</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campion, Dominique" sort="Campion, Dominique" uniqKey="Campion D" first="Dominique" last="Campion">Dominique Campion</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">CHS Sotteville les Rouen</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mallet, Jacques" sort="Mallet, Jacques" uniqKey="Mallet J" first="Jacques" last="Mallet">Jacques Mallet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératif, Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Straub, Richard E" sort="Straub, Richard E" uniqKey="Straub R" first="Richard E." last="Straub">Richard E. Straub</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Richmond</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maclean, Charles J" sort="Maclean, Charles J" uniqKey="Maclean C" first="Charles J." last="Maclean">Charles J. Maclean</name>
<affiliation></affiliation>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Richmond</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Easter, Stephen M" sort="Easter, Stephen M" uniqKey="Easter S" first="Stephen M." last="Easter">Stephen M. Easter</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Richmond</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="O Neill, F Anthony" sort="O Neill, F Anthony" uniqKey="O Neill F" first="F. Anthony" last="O'Neill">F. Anthony O'Neill</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Belfast</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walsh, Dermot" sort="Walsh, Dermot" uniqKey="Walsh D" first="Dermot" last="Walsh">Dermot Walsh</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Dublin</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kendler, Kenneth S" sort="Kendler, Kenneth S" uniqKey="Kendler K" first="Kenneth S." last="Kendler">Kenneth S. Kendler</name>
<affiliation></affiliation>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Richmond</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V." last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cao, Qiuhe" sort="Cao, Qiuhe" uniqKey="Cao Q" first="Qiuhe" last="Cao">Qiuhe Cao</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gershon, Elliot" sort="Gershon, Elliot" uniqKey="Gershon E" first="Elliot" last="Gershon">Elliot Gershon</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Badner, Judith" sort="Badner, Judith" uniqKey="Badner J" first="Judith" last="Badner">Judith Badner</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Beshah, Ethiopia" sort="Beshah, Ethiopia" uniqKey="Beshah E" first="Ethiopia" last="Beshah">Ethiopia Beshah</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, Jing" sort="Zhang, Jing" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jing" last="Zhang">Jing Zhang</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField"></wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Riley, Brien P" sort="Riley, Brien P" uniqKey="Riley B" first="Brien P." last="Riley">Brien P. Riley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rajagopalan, Swarnageetha" sort="Rajagopalan, Swarnageetha" uniqKey="Rajagopalan S" first="Swarnageetha" last="Rajagopalan">Swarnageetha Rajagopalan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mogudi Arter, Mpala" sort="Mogudi Arter, Mpala" uniqKey="Mogudi Arter M" first="Mpala" last="Mogudi-Carter">Mpala Mogudi-Carter</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">RSA</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jenkins, Trefor" sort="Jenkins, Trefor" uniqKey="Jenkins T" first="Trefor" last="Jenkins">Trefor Jenkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName>
<country>Afrique du Sud</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Williamson, Robert" sort="Williamson, Robert" uniqKey="Williamson R" first="Robert" last="Williamson">Robert Williamson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Delisi, Lynn E" sort="Delisi, Lynn E" uniqKey="Delisi L" first="Lynn E." last="Delisi">Lynn E. Delisi</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brook</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Garner, Chad" sort="Garner, Chad" uniqKey="Garner C" first="Chad" last="Garner">Chad Garner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly, Mary" sort="Kelly, Mary" uniqKey="Kelly M" first="Mary" last="Kelly">Mary Kelly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leduc, Carrie" sort="Leduc, Carrie" uniqKey="Leduc C" first="Carrie" last="Leduc">Carrie Leduc</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cardon, Lon" sort="Cardon, Lon" uniqKey="Cardon L" first="Lon" last="Cardon">Lon Cardon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lichter, Jay" sort="Lichter, Jay" uniqKey="Lichter J" first="Jay" last="Lichter">Jay Lichter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, Tim" sort="Harris, Tim" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tim" last="Harris">Tim Harris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loftus, Josephine" sort="Loftus, Josephine" uniqKey="Loftus J" first="Josephine" last="Loftus">Josephine Loftus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, The Warneford Hospital, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shields, Gail" sort="Shields, Gail" uniqKey="Shields G" first="Gail" last="Shields">Gail Shields</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brook</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Comasi, Margarite" sort="Comasi, Margarite" uniqKey="Comasi M" first="Margarite" last="Comasi">Margarite Comasi</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Milan</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vita, Antonio" sort="Vita, Antonio" uniqKey="Vita A" first="Antonio" last="Vita">Antonio Vita</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Milan</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Smith, Angela" sort="Smith, Angela" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Angela" last="Smith">Angela Smith</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brook</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dann, Jay" sort="Dann, Jay" uniqKey="Dann J" first="Jay" last="Dann">Jay Dann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, The Warneford Hospital, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Joslyn, Geoff" sort="Joslyn, Geoff" uniqKey="Joslyn G" first="Geoff" last="Joslyn">Geoff Joslyn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">San Diego</settlement>
<region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gurling, Hugh" sort="Gurling, Hugh" uniqKey="Gurling H" first="Hugh" last="Gurling">Hugh Gurling</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kalsi, Gursharan" sort="Kalsi, Gursharan" uniqKey="Kalsi G" first="Gursharan" last="Kalsi">Gursharan Kalsi</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brynjolfsson, Jon" sort="Brynjolfsson, Jon" uniqKey="Brynjolfsson J" first="Jon" last="Brynjolfsson">Jon Brynjolfsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Islande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Borgarspitalinn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Borgarspitalinn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Curtis, David" sort="Curtis, David" uniqKey="Curtis D" first="David" last="Curtis">David Curtis</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">College</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sigmundsson, Thordur" sort="Sigmundsson, Thordur" uniqKey="Sigmundsson T" first="Thordur" last="Sigmundsson">Thordur Sigmundsson</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Butler, Robert" sort="Butler, Robert" uniqKey="Butler R" first="Robert" last="Butler">Robert Butler</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Read, Tim" sort="Read, Tim" uniqKey="Read T" first="Tim" last="Read">Tim Read</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Murphy, Patrice" sort="Murphy, Patrice" uniqKey="Murphy P" first="Patrice" last="Murphy">Patrice Murphy</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Andrew Chih Ui" sort="Chen, Andrew Chih Ui" uniqKey="Chen A" first="Andrew Chih-Hui" last="Chen">Andrew Chih-Hui Chen</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">School</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petursson, Hannes" sort="Petursson, Hannes" uniqKey="Petursson H" first="Hannes" last="Petursson">Hannes Petursson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<country xml:lang="fr">Islande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Borgarspitalinn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Borgarspitalinn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Byerley, Bill" sort="Byerley, Bill" uniqKey="Byerley B" first="Bill" last="Byerley">Bill Byerley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Utah</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hoff, Mark" sort="Hoff, Mark" uniqKey="Hoff M" first="Mark" last="Hoff">Mark Hoff</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Utah</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Holik, John" sort="Holik, John" uniqKey="Holik J" first="John" last="Holik">John Holik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Utah</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coon, Hilary" sort="Coon, Hilary" uniqKey="Coon H" first="Hilary" last="Coon">Hilary Coon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Utah</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Levinson, Douglas F" sort="Levinson, Douglas F" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Douglas F." last="Levinson">Douglas F. Levinson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Philadelphie</settlement>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of Psychiatry, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Correspondence address: AUH‐EPPI, 3200 Henry Avenue, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nancarrow, Derek J" sort="Nancarrow, Derek J" uniqKey="Nancarrow D" first="Derek J." last="Nancarrow">Derek J. Nancarrow</name>
<affiliation></affiliation>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brisbane</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Crowe, Raymond R" sort="Crowe, Raymond R" uniqKey="Crowe R" first="Raymond R." last="Crowe">Raymond R. Crowe</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Andreasen, Nancy" sort="Andreasen, Nancy" uniqKey="Andreasen N" first="Nancy" last="Andreasen">Nancy Andreasen</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Silverman, Jeremy M" sort="Silverman, Jeremy M" uniqKey="Silverman J" first="Jeremy M." last="Silverman">Jeremy M. Silverman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mohs, Richard C" sort="Mohs, Richard C" uniqKey="Mohs R" first="Richard C." last="Mohs">Richard C. Mohs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Siever, Larry J" sort="Siever, Larry J" uniqKey="Siever L" first="Larry J." last="Siever">Larry J. Siever</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Endicott, Jean" sort="Endicott, Jean" uniqKey="Endicott J" first="Jean" last="Endicott">Jean Endicott</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sharpe, Lawrence" sort="Sharpe, Lawrence" uniqKey="Sharpe L" first="Lawrence" last="Sharpe">Lawrence Sharpe</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Walters, Marilyn K" sort="Walters, Marilyn K" uniqKey="Walters M" first="Marilyn K." last="Walters">Marilyn K. Walters</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brisbane</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lennon, David P" sort="Lennon, David P" uniqKey="Lennon D" first="David P." last="Lennon">David P. Lennon</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brisbane</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hayward, Nicholas K" sort="Hayward, Nicholas K" uniqKey="Hayward N" first="Nicholas K." last="Hayward">Nicholas K. Hayward</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brisbane</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sandkuijl, Lodewijk A" sort="Sandkuijl, Lodewijk A" uniqKey="Sandkuijl L" first="Lodewijk A." last="Sandkuijl">Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<country>Pays-Bas</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Groningue (ville)</settlement>
<region>Groningue (province)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Groningue</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mowry, Bryan J" sort="Mowry, Bryan J" uniqKey="Mowry B" first="Bryan J." last="Mowry">Bryan J. Mowry</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Brisbane</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aschauer, Harald N" sort="Aschauer, Harald N" uniqKey="Aschauer H" first="Harald N." last="Aschauer">Harald N. Aschauer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Autriche</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meszaros, Kurt" sort="Meszaros, Kurt" uniqKey="Meszaros K" first="Kurt" last="Meszaros">Kurt Meszaros</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Autriche</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lenzinger, Elisabeth" sort="Lenzinger, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Lenzinger E" first="Elisabeth" last="Lenzinger">Elisabeth Lenzinger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Autriche</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fuchs, Karoline" sort="Fuchs, Karoline" uniqKey="Fuchs K" first="Karoline" last="Fuchs">Karoline Fuchs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Autriche</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yang, Liu" sort="Yang, Liu" uniqKey="Yang L" first="Liu" last="Yang">Liu Yang</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Hospital</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heiden, Angela M" sort="Heiden, Angela M" uniqKey="Heiden A" first="Angela M." last="Heiden">Angela M. Heiden</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<country>Autriche</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:orgArea>Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital for Psychiatry</wicri:orgArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moises, Hans W" sort="Moises, Hans W" uniqKey="Moises H" first="Hans W." last="Moises">Hans W. Moises</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Hospital</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kruglyak, Leonid" sort="Kruglyak, Leonid" uniqKey="Kruglyak L" first="Leonid" last="Kruglyak">Leonid Kruglyak</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Cambridge</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Daly, Mark J" sort="Daly, Mark J" uniqKey="Daly M" first="Mark J." last="Daly">Mark J. Daly</name>
<affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">Cambridge</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matise, Tara C" sort="Matise, Tara C" uniqKey="Matise T" first="Tara C." last="Matise">Tara C. Matise</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">American Journal of Medical Genetics</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0148-7299</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1096-8628</idno>
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<biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope>
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<biblScope unit="page" to="594">594</biblScope>
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<pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="1996-11-22">1996-11-22</date>
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<idno type="ISSN">0148-7299</idno>
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<idno type="ISSN">0148-7299</idno>
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<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Additional support</term>
<term>Admixture test</term>
<term>Affective disorders</term>
<term>Allele</term>
<term>Allele designations</term>
<term>Allele frequencies</term>
<term>American journal</term>
<term>Bipolar disorder</term>
<term>Broad diagnoses</term>
<term>Ceph data</term>
<term>Chromosome</term>
<term>Coll</term>
<term>Collaborative</term>
<term>Collaborative study</term>
<term>Complex disorder</term>
<term>Complex disorders</term>
<term>Complex traits</term>
<term>Definitive evidence</term>
<term>Direct research efforts</term>
<term>Disease disease</term>
<term>Disorder</term>
<term>Edinburgh</term>
<term>Entire sample</term>
<term>Equal frequencies</term>
<term>Gene location</term>
<term>Genetic</term>
<term>Genetic dissection</term>
<term>Genetic linkage</term>
<term>Genetic mechanisms</term>
<term>Genetic models</term>
<term>Genetics</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>Genome scan</term>
<term>Group table</term>
<term>Health sciences</term>
<term>Heterogeneity</term>
<term>Highest lod2</term>
<term>Holmans</term>
<term>Human genetics</term>
<term>Informative</term>
<term>Informative pedigrees</term>
<term>Kruglyak</term>
<term>Laboratory methods</term>
<term>Lander</term>
<term>Large sample</term>
<term>Large sample sizes</term>
<term>Largest number</term>
<term>Linkage</term>
<term>Linkage analyses</term>
<term>Linkage analysis</term>
<term>Linkage findings</term>
<term>Linkage results</term>
<term>Linkage studies</term>
<term>Linkage study</term>
<term>Linkage tests</term>
<term>Locus</term>
<term>Lod2</term>
<term>Lod2 score</term>
<term>Lod2 scores</term>
<term>Marker</term>
<term>Maximum likelihood proportions</term>
<term>Maximum lod2</term>
<term>Maximum lod2 scores</term>
<term>Medical genetics</term>
<term>Medical genetics pulver</term>
<term>Medical research</term>
<term>Medical research council</term>
<term>Mendelian disorders</term>
<term>Moises</term>
<term>Multicenter</term>
<term>Multicenter analyses</term>
<term>Multicenter studies</term>
<term>Multipoint</term>
<term>Multipoint analyses</term>
<term>Multipoint analysis</term>
<term>Multipoint results</term>
<term>Narrow diagnoses</term>
<term>Narrow model</term>
<term>Nature genetics</term>
<term>Negative results</term>
<term>New8</term>
<term>New8 sample</term>
<term>Original reports</term>
<term>Original sample</term>
<term>Other groups</term>
<term>Other methods</term>
<term>Other samples</term>
<term>Pedigree</term>
<term>Positive findings</term>
<term>Positive results</term>
<term>Possible triangle</term>
<term>Potential linkage</term>
<term>Present collaborators</term>
<term>Present investigators</term>
<term>Present results</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Primary analyses</term>
<term>Proc natl acad</term>
<term>Psychiatry</term>
<term>Pulver</term>
<term>Recessive</term>
<term>Recessive model</term>
<term>Recessive models</term>
<term>Research group</term>
<term>Sample marker</term>
<term>Schiz</term>
<term>Schizoaffective disorder</term>
<term>Schizophrenia</term>
<term>Schizophrenia linkage</term>
<term>Schizophrenia linkage findings</term>
<term>Schizophrenia research</term>
<term>Schizophrenia susceptibility</term>
<term>Schizophrenia susceptibility genes</term>
<term>Score analysis</term>
<term>Several groups</term>
<term>Sib</term>
<term>Sibling</term>
<term>Sibling pair</term>
<term>Sibling pairs</term>
<term>Sibs analyses</term>
<term>Significant linkage</term>
<term>Simulation studies</term>
<term>Splink</term>
<term>Statistical interpretation</term>
<term>Stochastic variation</term>
<term>Straub</term>
<term>Suggestive evidence</term>
<term>Suggestive findings</term>
<term>Suggestive linkage</term>
<term>Susceptibility</term>
<term>Susceptibility gene</term>
<term>Susceptibility genes</term>
<term>Timely multicenter studies</term>
<term>Unbiased sample</term>
<term>Weak linkage</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Additional support</term>
<term>Admixture test</term>
<term>Affective disorders</term>
<term>Allele</term>
<term>Allele designations</term>
<term>Allele frequencies</term>
<term>American journal</term>
<term>Bipolar disorder</term>
<term>Broad diagnoses</term>
<term>Ceph data</term>
<term>Chromosome</term>
<term>Coll</term>
<term>Collaborative</term>
<term>Collaborative study</term>
<term>Complex disorder</term>
<term>Complex disorders</term>
<term>Complex traits</term>
<term>Definitive evidence</term>
<term>Direct research efforts</term>
<term>Disease disease</term>
<term>Disorder</term>
<term>Edinburgh</term>
<term>Entire sample</term>
<term>Equal frequencies</term>
<term>Gene location</term>
<term>Genetic</term>
<term>Genetic dissection</term>
<term>Genetic linkage</term>
<term>Genetic mechanisms</term>
<term>Genetic models</term>
<term>Genetics</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>Genome scan</term>
<term>Group table</term>
<term>Health sciences</term>
<term>Heterogeneity</term>
<term>Highest lod2</term>
<term>Holmans</term>
<term>Human genetics</term>
<term>Informative</term>
<term>Informative pedigrees</term>
<term>Kruglyak</term>
<term>Laboratory methods</term>
<term>Lander</term>
<term>Large sample</term>
<term>Large sample sizes</term>
<term>Largest number</term>
<term>Linkage</term>
<term>Linkage analyses</term>
<term>Linkage analysis</term>
<term>Linkage findings</term>
<term>Linkage results</term>
<term>Linkage studies</term>
<term>Linkage study</term>
<term>Linkage tests</term>
<term>Locus</term>
<term>Lod2</term>
<term>Lod2 score</term>
<term>Lod2 scores</term>
<term>Marker</term>
<term>Maximum likelihood proportions</term>
<term>Maximum lod2</term>
<term>Maximum lod2 scores</term>
<term>Medical genetics</term>
<term>Medical genetics pulver</term>
<term>Medical research</term>
<term>Medical research council</term>
<term>Mendelian disorders</term>
<term>Moises</term>
<term>Multicenter</term>
<term>Multicenter analyses</term>
<term>Multicenter studies</term>
<term>Multipoint</term>
<term>Multipoint analyses</term>
<term>Multipoint analysis</term>
<term>Multipoint results</term>
<term>Narrow diagnoses</term>
<term>Narrow model</term>
<term>Nature genetics</term>
<term>Negative results</term>
<term>New8</term>
<term>New8 sample</term>
<term>Original reports</term>
<term>Original sample</term>
<term>Other groups</term>
<term>Other methods</term>
<term>Other samples</term>
<term>Pedigree</term>
<term>Positive findings</term>
<term>Positive results</term>
<term>Possible triangle</term>
<term>Potential linkage</term>
<term>Present collaborators</term>
<term>Present investigators</term>
<term>Present results</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Primary analyses</term>
<term>Proc natl acad</term>
<term>Psychiatry</term>
<term>Pulver</term>
<term>Recessive</term>
<term>Recessive model</term>
<term>Recessive models</term>
<term>Research group</term>
<term>Sample marker</term>
<term>Schiz</term>
<term>Schizoaffective disorder</term>
<term>Schizophrenia</term>
<term>Schizophrenia linkage</term>
<term>Schizophrenia linkage findings</term>
<term>Schizophrenia research</term>
<term>Schizophrenia susceptibility</term>
<term>Schizophrenia susceptibility genes</term>
<term>Score analysis</term>
<term>Several groups</term>
<term>Sib</term>
<term>Sibling</term>
<term>Sibling pair</term>
<term>Sibling pairs</term>
<term>Sibs analyses</term>
<term>Significant linkage</term>
<term>Simulation studies</term>
<term>Splink</term>
<term>Statistical interpretation</term>
<term>Stochastic variation</term>
<term>Straub</term>
<term>Suggestive evidence</term>
<term>Suggestive findings</term>
<term>Suggestive linkage</term>
<term>Susceptibility</term>
<term>Susceptibility gene</term>
<term>Susceptibility genes</term>
<term>Timely multicenter studies</term>
<term>Unbiased sample</term>
<term>Weak linkage</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Génétique</term>
<term>Recherche médicale</term>
<term>Psychiatrie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In response to reported schizophrenia linkage findings on chromosomes 3, 6 and 8, fourteen research groups genotyped 14 microsatellite markers in an unbiased, collaborative (New) sample of 403–567 informative pedigrees per marker, and in the Original sample which produced each finding (the Johns Hopkins University sample of 46–52 informative pedigrees for chromosomes 3 and 8, and the Medical College of Virginia sample of 156–191 informative pedigrees for chromosome 6). Primary planned analyses (New sample) were two‐point heterogeneity lod score (lod2) tests (dominant and recessive affected‐only models), and multipoint affected sibling pair (ASP) analysis, with a narrow diagnostic model (DSM‐IIIR schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders). Regions with positive results were also analyzed in the Original and Combined samples. There was no evidence for linkage on chromosome 3. For chromosome 6, ASP maximum lod scores (MLS) were 2.19 (New sample, nominal p = .001) and 2.68 (Combined sample, p=.0004). For chromosome 8, maximum lod2 scores (tests of linkage with heterogeneity) were 2.22 (New sample, p=.0014) and 3.06 (Combined sample, p = .00018). Results are interpreted as inconclusive but suggestive of linkage in the latter two regions. We discuss possible reasons for failing to achieve a conclusive result in this large sample. Design issues and limitations of this type of collaborative study are discussed, and it is concluded that multicenter follow‐up linkage studies of complex disorders can help to direct research efforts toward promising regions.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<country>
<li>Afrique du Sud</li>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Autriche</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Islande</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
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<li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Gauteng</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Groningue (province)</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Oxfordshire</li>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Région de Kantō</li>
<li>Utah</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
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<li>Baltimore</li>
<li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li>
<li>Groningue (ville)</li>
<li>Johannesbourg</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Oxford</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Philadelphie</li>
<li>San Diego</li>
<li>Tokyo</li>
<li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</settlement>
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<li>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</li>
<li>Université de Groningue</li>
<li>Université du Witwatersrand</li>
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<name sortKey="Andreasen, Nancy" sort="Andreasen, Nancy" uniqKey="Andreasen N" first="Nancy" last="Andreasen">Nancy Andreasen</name>
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<name sortKey="Asherson, Philip" sort="Asherson, Philip" uniqKey="Asherson P" first="Philip" last="Asherson">Philip Asherson</name>
<name sortKey="Badner, Judith" sort="Badner, Judith" uniqKey="Badner J" first="Judith" last="Badner">Judith Badner</name>
<name sortKey="Beshah, Ethiopia" sort="Beshah, Ethiopia" uniqKey="Beshah E" first="Ethiopia" last="Beshah">Ethiopia Beshah</name>
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<name sortKey="Curtis, David" sort="Curtis, David" uniqKey="Curtis D" first="David" last="Curtis">David Curtis</name>
<name sortKey="Daly, Mark J" sort="Daly, Mark J" uniqKey="Daly M" first="Mark J." last="Daly">Mark J. Daly</name>
<name sortKey="Daniels, Jo" sort="Daniels, Jo" uniqKey="Daniels J" first="Jo" last="Daniels">Jo Daniels</name>
<name sortKey="Delisi, Lynn E" sort="Delisi, Lynn E" uniqKey="Delisi L" first="Lynn E." last="Delisi">Lynn E. Delisi</name>
<name sortKey="Demarchi, Nicola" sort="Demarchi, Nicola" uniqKey="Demarchi N" first="Nicola" last="Demarchi">Nicola Demarchi</name>
<name sortKey="Easter, Stephen M" sort="Easter, Stephen M" uniqKey="Easter S" first="Stephen M." last="Easter">Stephen M. Easter</name>
<name sortKey="Gejman, Pablo V" sort="Gejman, Pablo V" uniqKey="Gejman P" first="Pablo V." last="Gejman">Pablo V. Gejman</name>
<name sortKey="Gershon, Elliot" sort="Gershon, Elliot" uniqKey="Gershon E" first="Elliot" last="Gershon">Elliot Gershon</name>
<name sortKey="Gill, Mike" sort="Gill, Mike" uniqKey="Gill M" first="Mike" last="Gill">Mike Gill</name>
<name sortKey="Gurling, Hugh" sort="Gurling, Hugh" uniqKey="Gurling H" first="Hugh" last="Gurling">Hugh Gurling</name>
<name sortKey="Hallmayer, Joachim" sort="Hallmayer, Joachim" uniqKey="Hallmayer J" first="Joachim" last="Hallmayer">Joachim Hallmayer</name>
<name sortKey="Hayward, Nicholas K" sort="Hayward, Nicholas K" uniqKey="Hayward N" first="Nicholas K." last="Hayward">Nicholas K. Hayward</name>
<name sortKey="Helgason, Tomas" sort="Helgason, Tomas" uniqKey="Helgason T" first="Tomas" last="Helgason">Tomas Helgason</name>
<name sortKey="Holmans, Peter" sort="Holmans, Peter" uniqKey="Holmans P" first="Peter" last="Holmans">Peter Holmans</name>
<name sortKey="Kalsi, Gursharan" sort="Kalsi, Gursharan" uniqKey="Kalsi G" first="Gursharan" last="Kalsi">Gursharan Kalsi</name>
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<name sortKey="Kruglyak, Leonid" sort="Kruglyak, Leonid" uniqKey="Kruglyak L" first="Leonid" last="Kruglyak">Leonid Kruglyak</name>
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<name sortKey="Luebbert, Hermann" sort="Luebbert, Hermann" uniqKey="Luebbert H" first="Hermann" last="Luebbert">Hermann Luebbert</name>
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